As a parent, you want to protect your child from everything, which is virtually impossible, of course. But can you prevent your child from getting diabetes?
What Is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses glucose, the main type of sugar in the blood. Glucose, which comes from the foods we eat, is the major source of energy needed to fuel the body's functions. To use glucose, the body needs the hormone insulin. But if someone has diabetes, the body either can't make insulin or the insulin doesn't work in the body like it should.
There are two major types of diabetes:
- In type 1 diabetes, a person's immune system attacks the pancreas and destroys the cells that make insulin.
- In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas can still make insulin, but the body doesn't respond to it properly. In both types of diabetes, glucose can't get into the cells normally, so a person's blood sugar level gets too high. High blood sugar levels can make people sick if they don't receive treatment.
Can Type 1 Diabetes Be Prevented?
Type 1 diabetes can't be prevented. Doctors can't even tell who will get it and who won't.
No one knows for sure what causes type 1 diabetes, but scientists think it has something to do with genes. But just getting the genes for diabetes isn't usually enough. In most cases, a child has to be exposed to something else - like a virus - for him or her to get type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes isn't contagious, so kids and teens can't catch it from another person or pass it along to friends or family members. And eating too much sugar doesn't cause type 1 diabetes, either.
Although type 1 diabetes can't be prevented, some research suggests that breastfeeding, avoiding early introduction of solid foods, and other factors may play a role in lowering the risk of developing the disease. Though there's no reliable way to predict who will get type 1 diabetes, blood tests can detect early signs of it. These blood tests aren't done routinely, however, because doctors don't have any way to stop a child from developing the disease, even if the tests are positive.
Can Type 2 Diabetes Be Prevented?
Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes can sometimes be prevented. Excessive weight gain, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle are all factors that put a person at risk for type 2 diabetes.
In the past, type 2 diabetes almost exclusively affected adults, typically those who were overweight. Doctors even referred to type 2 diabetes as adult-onset diabetes. But in recent years, more children and teens have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes - an increase that experts say is related to the rapidly growing number of overweight children and teens.
Although kids and teens may be able to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes by managing their weight and physical activity, other risk factors for type 2 diabetes can't be changed. Children who have one or more family members with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing the disease. Also, certain ethnic and racial groups tend to be more prone to developing type 2 diabetes, including people of Native American, African American, Hispanic/Latino, or Asian/Pacific Island descent.
Taking Steps to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
Here are a few simple strategies to reduce your child's risk for developing type 2 diabetes and other associated health problems:
- Make sure your child eats a healthy diet. Encouraging your child to eat low-fat, nutrient-rich foods - like whole-grain cereals and breads, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and lean proteins - can help prevent excessive weight gain, one major risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
- Limit your child's intake of sugary foods and beverages. Consuming lots of sugar-filled foods and beverages - like sodas, juices, and iced teas - can also lead to excessive weight gain.
- Encourage your child to increase physical activity. Staying active and decreasing the amount of time spent in sedentary activities - like watching TV or playing video or computer games - can also reduce the risk of weight gain and help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes. Being active can be as simple as walking the dog or mowing the lawn. Try to do something that gets you and your child moving every day.
If you think your child may be overweight and, therefore, at increased risk of type 2 diabetes, talk to your child's doctor or a registered dietitian. These health care professionals can help you determine what your child's weight goals should be and how to reach them. It's important for growing kids to get enough calories and nutrients for normal growth and development, while preventing the excessive weight gain that can set the stage for type 2 diabetes and other health problems.
Reviewed by: Steven Dowshen, MD
Date reviewed: September 2007
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